Pluslectic - the Dialectic of Positive Feedback
Pedro Villanueva
2016-01-11 00:00:00

First think what happens with society and history. Our world over time since the beginning of civilization has been almost dystopian, as said Slajov Zizek; […]” The real thing is a grain of sand that prevents us from a functioning unimpeded; a shock traumatic that disrupts the balance of the symbolic universe of the subject.' [1]



With the development of capitalism, develops also nihilism; It refers to a "belief" or faith that all values are meaningless or useless and that nothing can be really known or communicated, since that humans can never know the truth and should leave social deception.



Nihilists believe in these 3 things:



1. There is not reasonable proof of the existence of a "Supreme ruler" or a "creator".



2. The "moral truth" is unknown.



3. The ethics universal is impossible.



Nietzsche says the following: "what matter to me others? others are only human, be superior to humanity by the force, by the temple, for contempt... " [2]



In the 20th century and early 21st, deepens the social disorientation and the existence of a society without sense, with the philosophy of the postmodernism of Lyotard. Lipovetsky examines a society « postmodern» marked, according to him, by a separation of the public sphere, and at the same time a loss of the sense of the large collective institutions (social and political) and culture «open» based on the regulation of human relations. Grace, hedonism, customization of the processes of socialization, permissive education, sexual liberation, mood).





This vision of society poses a neoindividualism of type narcissistic and, moreover, what Lipovetsky called «the second individualist revolution. The post-Structuralists of with the deconstruction of Derrida and Paul Virilio with his thought of the aesthetics of disappearance where speed rules in the political, economic and cultural of human existence.



I'll explain the evolution of the concept of modern dialectic in the main figures of the philosophers Fitche, Hegel and Marx.



For Johann Gottlieb Fichte: I, the subject is derived from all and the principles logical   of the identity   and denial, to assert themselves self-begets opposition "not me" and both are subordinated to a principle of total unity. As well as the self comes into contradiction with himself and positioned the not me, eliminates this opposition by limiting both flows an endless process and which is formulated in the dialectic triad : thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. [3] 



The German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel applies the term dialectic to his philosophical system and its logic focused on the future, contradiction and change, which replaces the principles of identity and non-contradiction, by the incessant transformation of things and the unity of opposites. Hegel thought that the

evolution of the Idea occurs through a dialectical process, i.e., a concept confronts its opposite and as a result of this conflict, rises a third synthesis. The synthesis is more loaded with truth than the previous two opposites. The work of Hegel is based on idealistic conception of a universal mind that, through evolution, aims to reach the highest limit of self-consciousness and freedom. [4] 



The German philosopher Karl Marx applied the concept of dialectic to the social and economic processes. The so-called dialectical materialism of Marx is often considered as a revision of the Hegelian system. This proposed a solution to a widespread problem of economic ends through three concepts: thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. The first was the source of the problem in this property of the  capital concentrated in the class bourgeois. The second class proletarian creator of the Value with your work and stripped of all means of production. These two will give as a synthesis the communism, social ownership of the means of production. [5] 



Let's meet the general systems theory and its importance, with the advance of technology exposes its complexity when compared to the modern dialectic.



The General systems theory was conceived by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the 1940's, in order to form a practical model for conceptualizing the phenomena that the

mechanistic reduction of the classical science could not explain. In particular, general systems theory seems to provide a unifying theoretical framework for the natural sciences and the social, needing to employ concepts such as "organization", "whole", globalization and "dynamic interaction; the linear is replaced by the circular, none of

which was easily understandable by the analytical methods of the pure sciences. Individual lost importance to the interdisciplinary approach. [6] 



During the 1930s, Wiener works with doctors and engineers and examines the parallels between human beings and electrical systems. As a result of such research, they

begin to have important concepts of feedback, studying more closely those systems that incorporated them.



These concepts of feedback, by which information was introduced to machines, led to the emergence of Cybernetics as the adaptation different from the mechanistic

theory. The circularity and feedback processes are passed to the common elements of entire system, and Wiener called them "anti entropic local phenomena".



The behavior of a driver's car on a road would be a clear example of negative feedback, since driver would receive information from the limits of the road that could produce correcting deviations with the steering wheel. The thermostat would be another example of negative feed-back, to which we referred to above.



Any feedback would take into account the information on past actions, and with them would decide further actions to follow, creating a structure more complex than

the linear circular causality.



About Feedback:



In this type of chain, each link is modified and changes its interaction, and this modification occurs in a circular process known as feed-back loop (feedback loop). Graphically, we can represent you in the following way:



We can find a similar to the previous example. Thus, a spider that paralyzes a fly with his Stinger is involved in a process of spending a fixed amount of power from "a" to "b"; a jellyfish stinging a human hand can participate in a feed-back loop from "a" to "b" and "b" (hand minced) back to "a" (in the form of circle). In the first model the effect of "a" on "b" not returned to the system (a + b); in the second, the message part of the affected "b" (production) and returned to the system (a + b) as feed-back (received power). The General systems theory believes that transactions are circular and create spirals of Exchange progressively more complex.





Feedback can be positive or negative.



FEEDBACK (feedback) positive: growth of differences - "snowball"... left to her same leads to the destruction of the system.



NEGATIVE feedback: (thermostat) leads to an adaptive behavior or having a purpose, a purpose.



In both cases, there is an anointing of transfer by means of which the received energy is converted into result, which in turn, is reintroduced into the system as information about the result.



In the case of negative feedback, the system uses this information to activate their homeostatic mechanisms and to reduce the deviation of the production system and thus maintain their "steady state".



In the case of positive feedback, the information is used to activate the mechanisms of growth (morphogenic) that lead to a disruption of homeostasis and a movement toward change. I.e., the positive feedback serves to increase the deviation of the production.



Therefore, when a system uses negative feedback, the system is auto-corrects and returns to the initial state. (do not change). When a system uses positive feedback, the system goes to another State (change)



Andréi Korotáyev (Андрей Витальевич Коротаев, born in 1961) is an anthropologist, economist, historian, and sociologist, with important contributions to the world system theory and mathematical models   of social and economic macrodinamic.



Andrey Korotayev's major contributions belong to four areas:



Mathematical models of the dynamics of social, economic and historical (cliodynamics)



In the field of the Clio dynamics proposed one of the most convincing explanations for the doomsday argument of Heinz von Foerster 



In collaboration with his colleagues Artemi Malkov and Daria Khaltourina showed that, until the 1970s, the hyperbolic growth of the  world population was accompanied by a hyperbolic growth of second degree of the  GDP world, from which developed a series of mathematical models who both described this phenomenon as the Theory of world system, the correlation between the hyperbolic growth of the world population and the hyperbolic of second degree of global GDP growth, observed until the early 1970's, corresponds to a  positive feedback  (positive feedback or positive feedback is one of the mechanisms of  feedback by which outcomes or outputs of a system cause cumulative effects at the entrance, in contrast with the  negative feedback where the output causes subtractive effects at the entrance.) Contrary to what you may believe, positive feedback, is not always desirable, since the positive adjective, refers to the mechanism, rather than the result.) Non-linear second-order between demographic growth and technological development that can be explained according to the sequence:



•→

increase technological growth of the load capacity   the planet → population growth → more people → more potential inventors → acceleration of technological growth → acceleration of the increase of the carrying capacity of the planet → faster population growth → acceleration of the increase of potential inventors → faster technological growth → increasing the capacity of the Earth to support people... and so on. On the other hand, his research has shown that since 1970 the world system never develops hyperbolic its development diverges more and more than the "regime of inflation" and currently is moving "from singularity", rather than "toward singularity."

--




Marshall Goldsmith (March 20, 1949) is an American leadership coach and author of management-related literature. Pioneered the personalized use of the Feedforward as a leadership development tool. FeedForward assessment tool was created by Marshall Goldsmith with the intention of providing to individuals, teams, and organization of suggestions that help them, in the future, to make a positive change in their behavior. There is a fundamental problem with all types and forms of feedback: focus on the past, on what has already happened not in the infinite variety of opportunities that could happen in the future. As such, the feedback can be limited and static, rather than dynamic and expansive. The FeedForward of Marshall Goldsmith helps you to predict and to focus on a positive future, not in a frustrated past. Trained athletes using 'feedforward' (future feedback). The basketball players are taught to see the ball going into the ring and imagine the perfect shot. To give your ideas on how you can be even more successful, the FeedForward evaluative tool from Marshall Goldsmith can increase their chances of success in the future. 



Marshall Goldsmith Library: http://www.marshallgoldsmithlibrary.com/





The pluslectic method is converted input, on the theory of the system, such as a positive as the feedforward and feedback positive Korotayev front loading. The dialectical process evolves through concepts, hypotheses, ideas and where the entrance is always positive (Feedforward) accompanied with growth feedback positive system, where the outcome of a positive feedback is one greater amplification which makes a small-signal a major change in the status of the system. Amplification grows in exponential systems general first-order or second order hyperbolic way.



So evolution creates breaks in a positive and fast. From one system to another system and are open to differences are not controlled by negative feedback and closed and negative feedback. Where is the entropy of the system common.



The pluslectic is a philosophical view of how to operate a model of thinking of high civilizations of aliens or humans in the future, which would tell you as plus humans if occurs with huge advances in engineering biogenetics, to reduce all the emotions and negative thoughts, where even before any negative eventare capable of pre - feed positively, with a vision of feedforward.



The pluslectic is a concept that is defined with the post humans highly developed, as opposed to the concept of dialectic, of the 19th century, and 20, still in the generation of the great tales of humankind. Post modernism and modernity late, of the 21st century, are in crisis of change as a stage for the birth of new concepts according to the future.

Images by Pedro Villanueva. Image #1 is his symbol for the Pluslectric; #2 is his artistic visionary representation of the concept

NOTES



[1]  The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989) Slajov Zizek. 



[2]  The Antichrist. F. Nietzsche



[3]. Basement of all the doctrine of Science (1784) Johann Gottlieb Fitche.



[4] The phenomenology of spirit 1807. G. W. Friedrich Hegel



[5] Capital 1867. Karl Marx 





[6] General System theory: Foundations,  Development, Applications. 1968. By George Braziller

--



References



Korotayev A., Malkov A., Khaltourina D. Introduction to Social Macrodynamics. Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends. Moscú, Russia Publishers, 2006 



Korotayev A., Malkov A., Khaltourina D. Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth. Moscow: Russia Publishers, 2006; 



Korotayev A. V. A Compact Macromodel of World System Evolution // Journal of

World-Systems Research 11/1 (2005): 79–93.



Markov A., Korotayev A.Phanerozoic marine biodiversity follows a hyperbolic trend // Palaeoworld. Volume 16, Issue 4, December 2007, Pages 311-318;



Markov A., Korotayev A. Hyperbolic growth of marine and continental biodiversity through the Phanerozoic and community evolution // Journal of General Biology. Volume 69, 2008. N 3, pp. 175–194